{"id":1992,"date":"2020-02-05T06:12:28","date_gmt":"2020-02-05T06:12:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/simarddesrochers.ca\/?p=968"},"modified":"2026-09-27T07:14:22","modified_gmt":"2026-09-27T11:14:22","slug":"the-simulation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.virtulexavocats.com\/en\/the-simulation\/","title":{"rendered":"The Simulation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.simarddesrochers.ca\/civil-law.php\">civil\nlaw<\/a>, we talk about simulation\nwhen people simulate a legal situation that does not reflect reality. For\nexample, people can agree to buy a building together, but as one of them has\nbad credit, only one of them will be the owner on the legal titles.&nbsp;<strong>Clandestine\ncontracts<\/strong>are perfect examples of simulation: a person agrees to\nlend their name (act as straw man) for one or more legal acts without having\nany personal interest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For third parties, the&nbsp;<strong>apparent contract<\/strong>&nbsp;is\noften the only one they will know about. So, they will not know that a second\nperson has an interest in the building and they will not know who is really\nhiding behind the straw man.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the truth comes out, third parties acting in good faith \u2013\nthat is to say those who were totally unaware of the existence of the simulation\n\u2013 can avail themselves of the&nbsp;<strong>apparent contract<\/strong>&nbsp;or the&nbsp;<strong>secret\ncontract<\/strong>&nbsp;(also called counter letter), according to their\ninterest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Any simulation involves undeniable risks, even if it is properly\nplanned and supervised. Beyond the obvious risk of having to pay another\u2019s\ndebt: in the presence of simulation, any insurance policy will be precarious if\nthe situation is not disclosed to the insurer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We therefore invite you to be very careful and especially\nto&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.simarddesrochers.ca\/contact-us.php\">get\nadvice from a lawyer<\/a>&nbsp;before\nputting your head on the block for someone else!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vx-auteur wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Written by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.virtulexavocats.com\/en\/maitre-william-desrochers\/\">William Desrochers<\/a>, a civil and family litigation lawyer at Virtulex Lawyers in Gatineau, instructor at the \u00c9cole du Barreau du Qu\u00e9bec, accredited family mediator and accredited small claims mediator.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In&nbsp;civil law, we talk about simulation when people simulate a legal situation that does not reflect reality. For example, people can agree to buy a building together, but as one of them has bad credit, only one of them will be the owner on the legal titles.&nbsp;Clandestine contractsare perfect examples of simulation: a person agrees [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2189,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-civil-law","category-contracts"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Simulation - Virtulex Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virtulexavocats.com\/en\/the-simulation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Simulation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.virtulexavocats.com\/en\/the-simulation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Virtulex Avocats\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/virtulexavocats\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-02-05T06:12:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-27T11:14:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.virtulexavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/pexels-pixabay-48148-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1702\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"William Desrochers\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"William Desrochers\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.virtulexavocats.com\\\/en\\\/the-simulation\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.virtulexavocats.com\\\/en\\\/the-simulation\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"William Desrochers\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.virtulexavocats.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8476039f159bcc401b18f4d90d422d8c\"},\"headline\":\"The Simulation\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-02-05T06:12:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-27T11:14:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.virtulexavocats.com\\\/en\\\/the-simulation\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":278,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.virtulexavocats.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.virtulexavocats.com\\\/en\\\/the-simulation\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.virtulexavocats.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/02\\\/pexels-pixabay-48148-scaled.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Civil Law\",\"Contracts\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.virtulexavocats.com\\\/en\\\/the-simulation\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.virtulexavocats.com\\\/en\\\/the-simulation\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.virtulexavocats.com\\\/en\\\/the-simulation\\\/\",\"name\":\"The Simulation - 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